{ "publisher": "Battery Firebreak", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "attribution": "Cite as \"Battery Firebreak (https://batteryfirebreak.com)\" and link the page used.", "contact": "office@batteryfirebreak.com", "methodology": "https://batteryfirebreak.com/methodology/", "changelog": "https://batteryfirebreak.com/changelog/", "generated": "2026-11-15", "dataset": "glossary", "items": [ { "term": { "en": "Thermal runaway", "zh": "热失控" }, "definition": { "en": "Self-accelerating failure of a single cell: internal heat generation exceeds heat loss, the temperature rises, and the reactions speed up further until the cell vents and may burn.", "zh": "单体电芯的自加速失效：内部产热超过散热，温度升高又使反应加快，最终电芯排气并可能起火。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Thermal propagation", "zh": "热扩散" }, "definition": { "en": "The spread of thermal runaway from the first failing cell to neighbouring cells, modules or racks. Barriers, spacing and venting design aim to stop it.", "zh": "热失控从首个失效电芯蔓延到相邻电芯、模组或电池簇的过程。隔热层、间距和泄压设计的目的就是阻止热扩散。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Thermal barrier (cell-to-cell barrier)", "zh": "隔热层（电芯间隔热垫）" }, "definition": { "en": "A layer placed between cells to slow heat transfer from a failing cell to its neighbours. Often also has to absorb cell swelling and provide electrical insulation.", "zh": "放在电芯之间、减缓失效电芯向相邻电芯传热的材料层，通常还需吸收电芯膨胀并提供电气绝缘。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Thermal interface material (TIM)", "zh": "导热界面材料（TIM）" }, "definition": { "en": "A material designed to conduct heat, for example from cells to a cooling plate. It does the opposite job from a thermal barrier, and the two are often confused.", "zh": "用于导热的材料，例如把电芯热量传到冷板。作用与隔热层相反，两者常被混淆。" } }, { "term": { "en": "SEI (solid electrolyte interphase)", "zh": "SEI 膜（固体电解质界面膜）" }, "definition": { "en": "A thin passivating film on the anode surface. Its decomposition is usually the first exothermic step in thermal runaway.", "zh": "负极表面的钝化薄膜。其分解通常是热失控中的第一个放热步骤。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Venting", "zh": "排气（泄压）" }, "definition": { "en": "Release of gas from a cell when internal pressure exceeds the strength of the vent or casing. Vent gas from lithium-ion cells is hot, flammable and toxic.", "zh": "电芯内部压力超过泄压阀或壳体强度时释放气体。锂离子电芯排出的气体高温、可燃且有毒。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Ejecta", "zh": "喷射物" }, "definition": { "en": "Hot solid and liquid particles expelled with vent gas. They can erode barriers and create conductive paths.", "zh": "随排气喷出的高温固体和液体颗粒，会冲蚀隔热层并形成导电通路。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Silica aerogel", "zh": "二氧化硅气凝胶" }, "definition": { "en": "A highly porous solid of silica nanoparticles. It has very low thermal conductivity. For battery use it is usually reinforced with fibres to form a blanket, felt or paper.", "zh": "由二氧化硅纳米颗粒构成的高孔隙率固体，导热系数极低。电池用途中通常以纤维增强，制成毡、垫或纸。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Mica", "zh": "云母" }, "definition": { "en": "A family of layered silicate minerals (mainly muscovite and phlogopite) made into paper, sheet or rigid board with a binder. Valued for dielectric strength and flame and particle resistance.", "zh": "一类层状硅酸盐矿物（主要为白云母和金云母），与粘结剂制成云母纸、云母片或硬质云母板，以介电强度和耐火、耐颗粒冲刷著称。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Ceramic fibre paper", "zh": "陶瓷纤维纸" }, "definition": { "en": "A flexible paper of alumina-silica or similar refractory fibres with a small amount of binder. Used for high-temperature insulation.", "zh": "由硅酸铝等耐火纤维加少量粘结剂制成的柔性纸材，用于高温隔热。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Intumescent material", "zh": "膨胀型材料" }, "definition": { "en": "A material that swells into an insulating char when heated, increasing its thickness and insulating effect during a fire.", "zh": "受热后膨胀形成隔热炭层的材料，火灾中厚度和隔热效果增加。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Endothermic material", "zh": "吸热型材料" }, "definition": { "en": "A material that absorbs heat by decomposing or releasing water when heated, delaying the temperature rise of the protected surface.", "zh": "受热时通过分解或释放结晶水吸收热量，延缓被保护面升温的材料。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Phase-change material (PCM)", "zh": "相变材料（PCM）" }, "definition": { "en": "A material that absorbs heat as it melts. It is used to buffer temperature peaks; on its own it is not a high-temperature fire barrier.", "zh": "通过熔化吸热的材料，用于缓冲温度峰值；单独使用时不能作为高温防火隔热层。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Propagation test", "zh": "热扩散试验" }, "definition": { "en": "A test in which one cell is deliberately forced into thermal runaway and the response of the module, pack or system is observed. Pass criteria vary by standard.", "zh": "人为触发单个电芯热失控，观察模组、电池包或系统响应的试验。各标准的判定条件不同。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Trigger method", "zh": "触发方式" }, "definition": { "en": "How the initiating cell is forced into thermal runaway in a test, for example a heater, nail penetration or overcharge.", "zh": "试验中使首个电芯进入热失控的方法，例如加热、针刺或过充。" } }, { "term": { "en": "BESS / ESS", "zh": "BESS / ESS（储能系统）" }, "definition": { "en": "Battery energy storage system / energy storage system. Stationary installations, from home batteries to grid-scale containers.", "zh": "电池储能系统，涵盖从户用电池到电网级集装箱式储能的固定式装置。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Cell-to-pack (CTP)", "zh": "CTP（无模组电池包）" }, "definition": { "en": "A pack design that places cells directly in the pack without intermediate modules. It raises energy density but removes module walls that used to slow propagation.", "zh": "电芯直接集成到电池包、不经过模组的设计。能量密度更高，但少了原本可延缓热扩散的模组壁。" } }, { "term": { "en": "LFP / NMC", "zh": "LFP / NMC（磷酸铁锂 / 三元）" }, "definition": { "en": "Lithium iron phosphate and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode chemistries. NMC cells usually reach higher peak temperatures in thermal runaway; LFP cells still vent large volumes of flammable gas.", "zh": "磷酸铁锂与镍钴锰三元正极体系。三元电芯热失控峰值温度通常更高；磷酸铁锂电芯同样会排出大量可燃气体。" } }, { "term": { "en": "Lower flammability limit (LFL)", "zh": "爆炸下限（LFL）" }, "definition": { "en": "The lowest concentration of a flammable gas in air that can ignite. It is used to size ventilation and explosion protection for battery rooms and enclosures.", "zh": "可燃气体在空气中能被点燃的最低浓度，用于确定电池舱和储能柜的通风与防爆设计。" } } ] }